UL -
Underwriters Laboratories Inc. is a U.S. for-profit, privately owned
and operated product safety testing and certification organization.
Based in Northbrook, Illinois , UL develops standards and test
procedures for products, materials, components, assemblies, tools and
equipment, chiefly dealing with product safety.
CE
- is a mandatory conformity mark on many products placed on the single
market in the European Economic Area . By affixing the CE marking, the
manufacturer, its authorized representative, or person placing the
product on the market or putting it into service asserts that the item
meets all the essential requirements of the relevant European
Directives.
TÜV
– ( T echnischer Ü berwachungs- V erein), Technical Monitoring
Association in English; are German organizations that work to validate
the safety of products of all kinds to protect humans and the
environment against hazards. As an independent consultant , they
examine monitoring -needy plants , motor vehicles , energy
installations, devices and products.
CCC -
( China Compulsory Certificate) is a compulsory safety mark for many
products sold on the Chinese market. It became effective on May 1,
2002. It is the result of the integration of China's two old compulsory
inspection systems.
FCC
– ( Federal Communications Commission) The FCC was established by the
Communications Act of 1934 as the successor to the Federal Radio
Commission and is charged with regulating all non-Federal Government
use of the radio spectrum (including radio and television
broadcasting), and all interstate telecommunications ( wire , satellite
and cable ) as well as all international communications that originate
or terminate in the United States. It is an important factor in US
telecommunication policy .
RoHS –
( Restriction of Hazardous Substances) was adopted in February 2003 by
the European Union . The RoHS directive took effect on 1 July 2006 ,
and is required to be enforced and become law in each member state.
This directive restricts the use of six hazardous materials in the
manufacture of various types of electronic and electrical equipment.
WEEE –
( Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment ) it linked closely with
RoHS. The directive imposes the responsibility for the disposal of
waste electrical and electronic equipment on the manufacturers of such
equipment. Those companies should establish an infrastructure for
collecting WEEE, in such a way that "Users of electrical and electronic
equipment from private households should have the possibility of
returning WEEE at least free of charge". Also, the companies are
compelled to use the collected waste in an ecological-friendly manner,
either by ecological disposal or by reuse/refurbishment of the
collected WEEE. |